A United Nations report released on January 26, 2025, highlights the severe impact of climate change on food systems across Latin America. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and extreme weather events have reduced crop yields and disrupted food supply chains. The report warns that millions in the region are at increased risk of food insecurity.
The report, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), shows that staple crops like corn, wheat, and coffee are most affected. “Erratic weather patterns are damaging harvests, while droughts and floods are displacing farmers,” said FAO climate specialist Carla Moreno. These disruptions are expected to worsen if global emissions are not reduced.
Small-scale farmers, who produce 70% of the region’s food, are particularly vulnerable. Many lack access to resources and technology to adapt to changing conditions. “Farmers are struggling to grow enough food as they face unpredictable rains and rising costs,” Moreno added.
Central America has been hit hardest, with prolonged droughts causing widespread crop failures. In Guatemala and Honduras, rural communities have reported significant losses of corn and beans, key staples for local diets. “We’re seeing families abandon their farms and migrate because they cannot survive,” said Luis Pacheco, an agricultural development officer in the region.
The report also points to climate-related disruptions in the Andes, where melting glaciers threaten water supplies for farming. In Peru, farmers have reported water shortages impacting potato production, a staple crop for millions. “Glacier retreat is reducing our access to water, which is devastating for agriculture,” said Maria Flores, a potato farmer from the Cusco region.
The fishing industry is also under pressure due to warming oceans and declining fish stocks. Countries like Chile and Peru, reliant on fisheries for food and exports, are seeing reduced catches of species like anchovies. “Climate change is affecting the entire marine ecosystem, and livelihoods are at risk,” Moreno explained.
The UN recommends immediate action to strengthen food systems to address the crisis. This includes investments in climate-resilient crops, sustainable farming practices, and improved infrastructure. “Governments must prioritize policies that protect farmers and ensure food security,” Moreno urged.
The report calls for international cooperation to address global warming and its effects on agriculture. Latin American countries are encouraged to participate in climate adaptation programs and seek funding for sustainable development. “This is a shared responsibility that requires local and global solutions,” Moreno said.
The report warns that climate change could push millions into hunger and poverty without urgent action. The findings underscore the need for swift action to limit global warming and adapt to its impacts. Policymakers and development agencies are urged to act quickly to protect vulnerable communities and secure food supplies.
The report highlights the growing threat climate change poses to food systems worldwide. For Latin America, combining environmental and economic challenges requires coordinated efforts to ensure long-term resilience and sustainability.
